Density Calculator: Easily Compute Material Density from Mass and Volume
Density equals mass divided by volume—enter both, hit calculate, and the tool outputs density in your chosen unit. Water sits at 1 000 kg/m³, so any result above that sinks (CRC Handbook, 2021).
Result:
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How to use the tool
1 – Enter mass
Example A: 3.5 kg (weight of a bowling ball)
Example B: 220 g (weight of a coffee mug)
2 – Enter volume
Example A: 0.002 m³ (≈ 2 L)
Example B: 250 mL (quarter-liter beaker)
3 – Pick result unit (optional)
Choose kg/m³, g/cm³, lb/ft³, or g/mL; default is kg/m³.
4 – Click “Calculate Density”
The tool converts units automatically and shows the density plus a quick material comparison.
Underlying formula
All results derive from:
$$\rho = rac{m}{V}$$
Example calculations
Bowling ball: 3.5 kg / 0.002 m³ = 1750 kg/m³ (denser than water).
Coffee mug: 0.22 kg / 0.00025 m³ = 880 kg/m³ = 0.88 g/cm³ (floats on water).
Quick-Facts
Water density: 1 000 kg/m³ at 4 °C (CRC Handbook, 2021).
Air density: 1.225 kg/m³ at sea level, 15 °C (NOAA, 2020).
ISO 80000-4 defines ρ = m/V as the standard density equation (ISO, 2019).
FAQ
What is density?
Density measures mass per unit volume, expressed in kg/m³ or g/cm³ (ISO 80000-4, 2019).
How does the calculator handle unit conversion?
It multiplies each input by a fixed factor—e.g., 1 L → 0.001 m³—before applying ρ = m/V.
Why does density vary with temperature?
Heating expands most materials, raising volume and lowering density (NIST Thermophysics Database, 2022).
Which everyday substances float on water?
Cooking oil (~0.92 g/cm³) and pine wood (~0.5 g/cm³) are less dense than water (USDA Wood Handbook, 2010).
How accurate should my inputs be?
Use a scale with ±0.1 g resolution and a Class A volumetric flask for ±0.05 mL accuracy (Ohaus Datasheet, 2021).
Can the tool calculate specific gravity?
Yes—divide your density result by water’s density at the same temperature; the ratio is dimensionless.
Is density the same as mass?
No; mass measures quantity of matter, while density relates that mass to the space it occupies (Halliday & Resnick, 2013).
How can I verify results?
Compare with published material tables; steel ~7.8 g/cm³, aluminum ~2.7 g/cm³ (ASM Handbook, 2015).
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